Enhanced copper removal from contaminated kaolinite soil by electrokinetic process using compost reactive filter media

Electrokinetic (EK) remediation is a promising technology for soil decontamination, although basic pH in the close to cathode has constrained EK effectiveness due heavy metal precipitation. This study aimed enhance copper removal from kaolinite by integrating with compost (C) as recyclable reactive filter media (RFM) first time. Compost placed near served an adsorbent bind ions while buffering advancement of alkaline front soil. The total rate increased 1.03% 45.65% EK-100%C under electric potential 10 V. Further experiments conducted using biochar (BC) and compost/biochar (C + BC) mixture RFM at different ratios showed Cu efficiency decreasing > EK-(10%BC 90%C) EK-(20%BC 80%C) EK-(30%BC 70%C) EK. application constant current 20.00 mA further enhanced 84.09% did not show significant enhancement EK-(BC C). was regenerated acid extraction then reused twice, achieving 74.11%. findings demonstrated reusable efficient contaminated